Shane Adam Ardo

Professor at the University of California Irvine, Department of Chemistry

Director Ensembles of Photosynthetic Nanoreactors (EPN) EFRC

Biography

Shane Adam Ardo is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Irvine, where he has been on the faculty since 2013. He currently serves as the Director of the Ensembles of Photosynthetic Nanoreactors (EPN) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC). Ardo received his Ph.D. in Chemistry with a specialty in Photo-Physical Inorganic Chemistry from Johns Hopkins University in 2010. He also holds a Master’s degree in Nutrition & Food Science from the University of Maryland, College Park, and a Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics from Towson University.

Ardo's research is centered on the fields of solar energy conversion and photoelectrochemical systems. He has been involved in developing new materials and technologies for solar fuels and water splitting, contributing significantly through over 90 peer-reviewed publications and multiple patents. His projects have received substantial funding from agencies such as the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. Notable among his accolades are the Sloan Research Fellowship and the Cottrell Scholar Award, recognizing his innovative contributions to chemical research and education.

In addition to his research, Ardo is actively engaged in teaching both undergraduate and graduate courses at UCI, including Electrochemistry and Photochemistry. He has mentored numerous students and postdoctoral researchers, fostering the next generation of scientists in his field. Ardo also participates in professional service, including roles on advisory boards and as a peer reviewer for scientific journals. His outreach efforts include organizing and participating in educational programs aimed at increasing the participation of underrepresented groups in STEM fields.

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Degrees

Ph.D. in Chemistry (specialty: Photo-Physical Inorganic), Johns Hopkins University, 2010
M.A. in Chemistry (specialty: Photo-Physical Inorganic), Johns Hopkins University, 2008
M.S. in Nutrition & Food Science (specialty: Nutraceuticals), University of Maryland College Park, 2005
B.S. in Mathematics (emphases: Pure; Applied; Computing), Towson University, 1999

Distinctions

Solar Photochemistry Program Grant (Lead PI of 2) DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences $682k ($862k total), 2024
AGEP - Graduate Research Supplement NSF, Directorate of Mathematics and Physical Sciences $84k, 2024
UCI Proof of Product Grant UCI, Beall Applied Innovation $70k, 2024
UCI Nominee Innovator of the Year Award, Orange County Business Journal, 2024
Energy Frontier Research Center (Lead PI of 17) DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences $1.7M ($10.85M total), 2022
Center for Chemical Innovation Phase I (co-PI) NSF, Division of Chemistry $422k ($1.922M total), 2022
UCI Faculty Innovation Fellow UCI, Beall Applied Innovation $5k, 2021
CSDM-B Program Grant NSF, Division of Chemistry $350k, 2021
Direct Removal of CO2 from Oceanwater (co-PI) DOE, ARPA-E, TINA Program $233k ($850k total), 2021
Beamline 9.3.1.1 Time LBNL, Advanced Light Source $0k, 2021

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Areas of Expertise

Photo-Physical Inorganic Chemistry
Solar Energy Conversion
Electrochemical Water Splitting
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Photoinduced Charge Transfer

Recent Publications

Kaufman, A. J., Nielander, A. C., Meyer, G. J., Maldonado, S., Ardo, S., Boettcher, S. W., “Absolute band-edge energies are over-emphasized in the design of photoelectrochemical materials”, Nature Catalysis, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 615–623, 2024.
Kwon, H., Andrade, M. F. C., Ardo, S., Esposito, D. V., Pham, T. A., Ogitsu T., “Confinement Effects on Proton Transfer in TiO2 Nanopores from Machine Learning Potential Molecular Dynamics Simulations”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 16, no. 24, pp. 31687–31695, 2024.
Schiffer, Z. J., Lucas, É., Watkins, N. B., Ardo, S., Xiang, C., Atwater, H. A., “Acid and base generation via an electrochemical hydrogen-looping cell tailored for carbon removal applications”, Device, 2024.
Stinson, W. D. H., Stinson, R. S., Jin, J., Chen, Z., Xu, M., Aydin, F., Wang, Y., Andrade, M. F. C., Pan, X., Pham, T. A., Hurst, K. E., Ogitsu, T., Ardo, S., Esposito, D. V., “Probing the active sites of oxide encapsulated electrocatalysts with controllable oxygen evolution selectivity”, EES Catalysis, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 953–967, 2024.
Lucas, É., Bui, J. C., Stovall, T., Hwang, M., Wang, K., Dunn, E., Spickermann, E., Shiau, L., Kusoglu, A., Weber, A. Z., Bell, A. T., Ardo, S., Atwater, H. A., Xiang, C., “Asymmetric Bipolar Membrane for High Current Density Electrodialysis Operation with Exceptional Stability”, ACS Energy Letters, 2024.
Barrera, L., Layne, B. W., Chen, Z., Watanabe, K., Kudo, A., Esposito, D. V., Ardo, S., Bala Chandran, R., “Revealing the Role of Redox Reaction Selectivity and Mass Transfer in Current–Voltage Predictions for Ensembles of Photocatalysts”, Energy & Environmental Science, 2024.
Bhide, R., Phun, G. S., Ardo, S., “Elementary Reaction Steps That Precede or Follow a Unimolecular Reaction Step Can Obfuscate Interpretation of the Driving-Force Dependence to Its Rate Constant”, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 128, no. 21, pp. 4177–4188, 2024.
Brown L., Zang W., Chen Z., Ardo S., Pan X., “Probing Charge Transfer across Various Metal Support Interactions in Heterogeneous Catalysts via 4D-STEM Techniques”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 30, pp. 1180-1181, 2024.
Feltenberger, C. N., Cardon, J. M., Farhang, N., Ardo, S., “Probing Interfacial Electron-Transfer Dynamics Using Spectroelectrochemical Characterization and Foot-of-the-Wave Analysis of Osmium Bipyridyl Coordination Compounds Anchored to Mesoporous TiO2 Thin Films”, ChemElectroChem, 2024.
Urbine, J. M., Phun, G. S., Stewart, K., See, K. A., Boettcher, S. W., Ardo, S., “Temporal readout of mobile ion dynamics in hydrated charged polymers coated on electrocatalysts”, Joule, 2024.
Keene, S., Phun, G. S., Chen, Z., Ardo, S., “Ensembles of optically thin light absorbers can increase theoretical solar-to-fuel efficiencies”, Nature Materials, 2024.
Kautz, R., Herman, A., Heffernan, E. J., Muñetón, C., Larson, D., Ager III, J. W., Toma, F. M., Ardo, S., Segev, G., “A nanoporous capacitive electrochemical ratchet for continuous ion separations”, Nature Materials, 2024.
Hisatomi, T., Wang, Q., Zhang, F., Ardo, S., Reisner, E., Nishiyama, H., Kudo, A., Yamada, T., Domen, K., “Photocatalytic water splitting for large-scale solar-to-chemical energy conversion and storage”, Frontiers in Science, 2024.
Ardo, S., Yang, M., Xiang, C., Atwater, H. A., “Catalyst-modified gas-liquid contactors for rapid carbon capture”, California Institute of Technology, 2024. Patent No. CIT-9193-P2,
Ardo, S., Gomez, N. A., Chang, S., “Polymer-bonded reversible excited-state photoacids and photobases as dynamic fluorescence sensors of protonic species and water activity”, University of California Irvine, 2024. Patent No. 63/679,549,
Böhme, A., Bui, J. C., Fenwick, A. Q., Bhide, R., Feltenberger, C. N., Welch, A. J., King, A. J., Bell, A. T., Weber, A. Z., Ardo, S., Atwater, H. A., “Direct observation of the local microenvironment in inhomogeneous CO2 reduction gas diffusion electrodes via versatile pOH imaging”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1783–1795, 2023.
Zutter, B. T., Chen, Z., Barrera, L., Gaieck, W., Lapp, A. S., Watanabe, K., Kudo, A., Esposito, D. V., Bala Chandran, R., Ardo, S., Talin, A. A., “Single-Particle Measurements Reveal the Origin of Low Solar-to-Hydrogen Efficiency of Rh-doped SrTiO3 Photocatalysts”, ACS Nano, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 9405–9414, 2023.
Phun, G. S., Bhide, R., Ardo, S., “Detailed-balance limits for sunlight-to-protonic energy conversion from aqueous photoacids and photobases based on reversible mass-action kinetics”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 4593–4611, 2023.
Aydin, F., Andrade, M. F. C., Stinson, R. S., Zagalskaya, A., Schwalbe-Koda, D., Chen, Z., Sharma, S., Maiti, A., Esposito, D. V., Ardo, S., Pham, T. A., Ogitsu T., “Mechanistic Insights on Permeation of Water over Iron Cations in Nanoporous Silicon Oxide Films for Selective H2 and O2 Evolution”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 15, no. 14, pp. 17814–17824, 2023.
Herman, A., Ager, J. W., Ardo, S., Segev, G., “Ratchet-Based Ion Pumps for Selective Ion Separations”, PRX Energy, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 023001, 2023.
Atwater, H. A., Schiffer, Z., Xiang, C., Ardo, S., “Systems and methods for electrochemical hydrogen looping”, California Institute of Technology, 2023. Patent No. US/2024/0133051,
Ardo, S., Esposito, D. V., Bala Chandran, R., Mayer, J. M., Barrera, L., Chen, Z., James, B., Acevedo, Y., Huya- Kouadio, J., “Photocatalyst suspension reactor for solar fuel formation”, University of California Irvine, 2023. Patent No. US/2023/0390724,
Böhme, A. E., Welch, A. J., Bhide, R., Feltenberger, C. N., Tang, D., Ardo, S., Atwater, H. A., “Reversible excited-state photoacids and photobases as dynamic fluorescence sensors of protonic species”, California Institute of Technology, 2023. Patent No. US/2023/0358677,
Segev, G., Kibsgaard, J., Hahn, C., Xu, Z. J., Cheng, W.-H., Deutsch, T. G., Xiang, C., Zhang, J. Z., Hammarström, L., Nocera, D. G., Weber, A. Z., Agbo, P., Hisatomi, T., Osterloh, F. E., Domen, K., Abdi, F. F., Haussener, S., Miller, D. J., Ardo, S., McIntyre, P. C., Hannappel, T., Hu, S., Atwater, H., Gregoire, J. M., Ertem, M. Z., Sharp, I. D., Choi, K.-S., Lee, J. S., Ishitani, O., Ager, J. W., Prabhakar, R. R., Bell, A. T., Boettcher, S. W., Vincent, K., Takanabe, K., Artero, V., Napier, R., Roldan Cuenya, B., Koper, M. T. M., van de Krol, R., Houle, F., “The 2022 solar fuels roadmap”, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 55, no. 32, pp. 323003, 2022.
Hempel, H., Savenjie, T. J., Stolterfoth, M., Neu, J., Failla, M., Paingad, V. C., Kužel, P., Heilweil, E. J., Spies, J. A., Schleuning, M., Zhao, J., Friedrich, D., Schwarzburg, K., Siebbeles, L. D. A., Dörflinger, P., Dyakonov, V., Katoh, R., Hong, M. J., Labram, J. G., Monti, M., Butler-Caddle, E., Lloyd-Hughes, J., Taheri, M. M., Baxter, J. B., Magnanelli, T. J., Luo, S., Cardon, J. M., Ardo, S., Unold, T., “Predicting Solar Cell Performance from Terahertz and Microwave Spectroscopy”, Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 12, no. 13, pp. 2102776, 2022.
Bhide, R., Feltenberger, C. N., Phun, G. S., Barton, G., Fishman, D., Ardo, S., “Quantification of Excited-State Brønsted–Lowry Acidity of Weak Photoacids Using Steady-State Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and a Driving-Force-Dependent Kinetic Theory”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 144, no. 32, pp. 14477–14488, 2022.
Glancy, J., Luo, S., Kim, T.-Y., Ardo, S., “Identification of photoacidic behavior using AC and open-circuit photoelectrochemical techniques”, ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 105002, 2022.
Stinson, W. D. H., Brayton, K. M., Ardo, S., Talin, A. A., Esposito, D. V., “Quantifying the Influence of Defects on Selectivity of Electrodes Encapsulated by Nanoscopic Silicon Oxide Overlayers”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 55480–55490, 2022.
Xiang, C., Ardo, S., Schulte, L., Digdaya, I. A., Chen, Z., Bender, A., Atwater, H. A., “Systems and methods for gas-liquid contactors for rapid carbon capture”, California Institute of Technology, 2022. Patent No. US/2023/0107163,
Boettcher, S., Oener, S., Lonergan, M., Surendranath, Y., Ardo, S., Brozek, C., Kempler, P., “Potentially Confusing: Potentials in Electrochemistry”, ACS Energy Letters, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 261–266, 2021.
Kempler, P. A., Boettcher, S. W., Ardo, S., “Reinvigorating electrochemistry education”, iScience, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 102481, 2021.
Hou, Y. S., Ardo, S., Wu, R. Q., “Hybrid density functional study of band gap engineering of SrTiO 3 photocatalyst via doping for water splitting”, Physical Review Materials, vol. 5, pp. 065801, 2021.
Schulte, L., White, W., Renna, L. A., Ardo, S., “Turning Water into a Protonic Diode and Solar Cell via Doping and Dye Sensitization”, Joule, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 2380–2394, 2021.
Luo, S., White, W., Cardon, J. M., Ardo, S., “Clarification of Mechanisms of Protonic Photovoltaic Action Initiated by Photoexcitation of Strong Photoacids Covalently Bound to Hydrated Nafion Cation-Exchange Membranes Wetted by Aqueous Electrolytes”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 4961–4978, 2021.
Cardon, J. M., Krueper, G., Kautz, R., Fabian, D. M., Angsono, J., Chen, H.-Y., Ardo, S., “Reconciliation of differences in apparent diffusion coefficients measured for self-exchange electron transfer between molecules anchored to mesoporous titanium dioxide thin films”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 13, no. 35, pp. 41396–41404, 2021.
Mardy, Z., Tao, Y. L., Renna, L. A., Ardo, S., Wickramasinghe, H. K., “Tunneling based ten attomolar specific DNA biosensor”, AIP Advances, vol. 11, pp. 065226, 2021.
Bhat, Z. M., Pandit, D., Ardo, S., Thimmappa, R., Kottaichamy, A. R., Dargily, N. C., Devendrachari, M. C., Thotiyl, M. O., “An Electrochemical Neutralization Cell for Spontaneous Water Desalination”, Joule, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 1730–1742, 2020.
Bhowmick, S., Dhankhar, A., Sahu, T. K., Jena, R., Gogoi, D., Peela, N. R., Ardo, S., Qureshi, M., “Low Overpotential and Stable Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Utilizing Doped Perovskite Oxide, La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 , Modified by Cobalt Phosphate”, ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1279–1285, 2020.
Tkaczibson, K., Ardo, S., “Numerical Monte Carlo Simulations to Evaluate the Influence That Spherical Nanoparticle Size and Arrangement Have on Interparticle Charge Transport across the Surface of Dye- and Cocatalyst-Modified Materials”, ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 4699–4707, 2020.
Ardo, S., Segev, G., Toma, F. M., Ager III, J. W., Kautz, R., Larson, D. M., “Ratchet-based ion pumping membrane systems”, University of California Irvine, 2020. Patent No. US/2021/0187442 and PCT/US/2020/038814,
Ardo, S., White, W., Renna, L. A., Bhide, R., Schulte, L., Phun, G. S., “Membranes for enhancing rates of water dissociation and water formation”, University of California Irvine, 2020. Patent No. US/2021/0046423 and PCT/US/2020/032705,
Ardo, S., “Final Scientific/Technical Report for DOE/EERE”, 2020.
Keene, S., Bala Chandran, R., Ardo, S., “Calculations of Theoretical Efficiencies for Electrochemically-Mediated Tandem Solar Water Splitting as a Function of Bandgap Energies and Redox Shuttle Potential”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 261–272, 2019.
Sanborn, C. D., Chacko, J. V., Digman, M., Ardo, S., “Interfacial and Nanoconfinement Effects Decrease the Excited-State Acidity of Polymer- Bound Photoacids”, Chem, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 1648–1670, 2019.
Roy, S., Ardo, S., Furche F., “5-Methoxyquinoline Photobasicity Is Mediated by Water Oxidation”, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 123, no. 31, pp. 6645–6651, 2019.
Patra, A. S., Chauhan, M. S., Keene, S., Gogoi, G., Reddy, K. A., Ardo, S., Prasad, D. L. V. K., Qureshi, M., “Combined Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Synergistic Effect of Cerium Doping and Oxygen Vacancies in BaZrO 3–δ Hollow Nanospheres for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production”, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 233–249, 2019.
Su, G. M., White, W., Renna, L. A., Feng, J., Ardo, S., Wang, C., “Photoacid-Modified Nafion Membrane Morphology Determined by Resonant X-ray Scattering and Spectroscopy”, ACS Macro Letters, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1353–1359, 2019.
Fabian, D. M., Ziller, J. W., Solis-Ibarra, D., Ardo, S., “Demonstration of photovoltaic action and enhanced stability from a quasi-two-dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic copper–halide material incorporating divalent organic groups”, ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 2178–2187, 2019.
Fabian, D. M., Ganose, A. M., Ziller, J. W., Scanlon, D. O., Beard, M. C., Ardo, S., “Influence of one specific carbon–carbon bond on the quality, stability, and photovoltaic performance of hybrid organic–inorganic bismuth–iodide materials”, ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1579–1587, 2019.
Ardo, S., Santori, E. A., Emmer, H. S., Grimm, R. L., Bierman, M. J., Brunschwig, B. S., Atwater, H. A., Lewis, N. S., “Enhanced Stability and Efficiency for Photoelectrochemical Iodide Oxidation by Methyl Termination and Electrochemical Pt Deposition on n-Type Si Microwire Arrays”, ACS Energy Letters, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 2308–2314, 2019.
White, W., Luo, S., Bhide, R., Sanborn, C. D., Baranov, M. S., Solntsev, K. M., Ardo, S., “Evaluation of the role that photoacid excited-state acidity has on photovoltage and photocurrent of dye-sensitized ion-exchange membranes”, Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), vol. 11084, pp. 110840E, 2019. Presented at Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor Materials and Interfaces XVIII,
Tkaczibson, K., Ardo, S., “Numerical Monte Carlo Simulations of Charge Transport across the Surface of Dye and Cocatalyst Modified Spherical Nanoparticles under Conditions of Pulsed or Continuous Illumination”, Sustainable Energy & Fuels, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 1573–1587, 2019.
Tumas, B., Dempsey, J., Mallouk, T., Ardo, S., Bren, K., Rappe, A., Shaw, W., Abruña, H., Atwater, H., Ayers, K., Berlinguette, C., Concepcion, J., Cooper, V., Esposito, D., Gregoire, J., Hammarström, L., Haussener, S., Houle, F., Linic, S., Shafaat, H., Shao-Horn, Y., Smith, W., Surendranath, Y., Tiede, D., Yang, J., “Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Roundtable on Liquid Solar Fuels”, 2019.
Bala Chandran, R., Breen, S., Shao, Y., Ardo, S., Weber, A. Z., “Evaluating Particle-Suspension Reactor Designs for Z-Scheme Solar Water Splitting via Transport and Kinetic Modeling”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 115–135, 2018.
Gogoi, G., Keene, S., Patra, A. S., Sahu, T. K., Ardo, S., Qureshi, M., “A novel hybrid of g-C 3 N 4 and MoS 2 integrated onto Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S: Rational design with efficient charge transfer for enhanced photocatalytic activity”, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 6718–6729, 2018.
White, W., Sanborn, C. D., Fabian, D. M., Ardo, S., “Conversion of visible light into ionic power using photoacid-dye-sensitized bipolar ion-exchange membranes”, Joule, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 94–109, 2018.
Chen, H.-Y., Ardo, S., “Direct observation of sequential oxidations of a titania-bound molecular proxy catalyst generated through illumination of molecular sensitizers”, Nature Chemistry, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 17–23, 2018.
Hanna, C., Sanborn, C. D., Ardo, S., Yang, J. Y., “Interfacial Electron Transfer of Ferrocene Immobilized onto Indium Tin Oxide Through Covalent and Non-Covalent Interactions”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 10, no. 15, pp. 13211–13217, 2018.
Dunfield, S. P., Moore, D. T., Klein T. R., Fabian, D. M., Christians, J. A., Dixon, A. G., Dou, B., Ardo, S., Beard, M. C., Shaheen, S. E., Berry, J. J., van Hest, M. F. A. M., “Curtailing Perovskite Processing Limitations via Lamination at the Perovskite/Perovskite Interface”, ACS Energy Letters, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1192–1197, 2018.
Barrera, M., Ardo, S., Crivelli, I., Loeb, B., Meyer, G. J., “The Role of Lithium Cations on the Photochemistry of Ruthenium Complexes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A TDDFT Study with the BCL Model”, Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 364, pp. 510–515, 2018.
Ardo, S., Keene, S., Phun, G. S., “Optically thin light-absorbers for increasing photochemical energy-conversion efficiencies”, University of California Irvine, 2018. Patent No. US/11912589 and WO/2020/093059,
Ardo, S., Schwartz, E., Liu, J., Cardon, J. M., White, W., Tkacz, K., Renna, L. A., Schulte, L., Bhide, R., Modestino, M., Blanco, D., Sanborn, C. D., Reiter, R. S., “Systems and methods for integrated solar photodialysis”, University of California Irvine, 2018. Patent No. US/11673100 and WO/2019/191326,
Oener, S. Z., Ardo, S., Boettcher S. W., “Ionic Processes in Water Electrolysis: The Role of Ion-selective Membranes”, ACS Energy Letters, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 2625–2634, 2017.
White, W., Sanborn, C. D., Reiter, R. S., Fabian, D. M., Ardo, S., “Observation of Photovoltaic Action from Photoacid-Modified Nafion Due to Light-Driven Ion Transport”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 139, no. 34, pp. 11726–11733, 2017.
Tkacz, K., Nitz, S. T. E., White, W., Ardo, S., “Investigating Saltwater Desalination by Electrodialysis and Curriculum Extensions To Introduce Students to the Chemical Physics of Polymeric Ion-Exchange Membranes”, Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 94, no. 11, pp. 1733–1737, 2017.
West, W., Atwater, H., Kubiak, C., Amashukeli, X., Ardo, S., Arya, M., Bates, C., Brandon, E., Cheng, W.-H., Graf, J., Grandidier, J., Greenblatt, J., Haber, J., Hecht, M., Hoffman, S., Hogan, J., Houle, F., Jones, S., Kass, D., Law, M., Mazaheripour, A., McNicholas, B., Meier, A., Nielander, A., Parkinson, B., Ramachandran, A., Sanders, G., Schreiner, S., Scott, V., Stechel, E., Walczak, K., Weber, A., Xiang, C., Yang, J., Zhanaidarova, A., “Addressing the Mars In Situ Resource Utilization Challenge: Production of Oxygen and Fuel from CO 2 using Sunlight”, Keck Institute for Space Studies, 2017.
Fabian, D. M., Ardo, S., “Hybrid organic–inorganic solar cells based on bismuth iodide and 1,6-hexanediammonium dication”, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 4, no. 18, pp. 6837–6841, 2016.
Reiter, R. S., White, W., Ardo, S., “Electrochemical Characterization of Commercial Bipolar Membranes under Electrolyte Conditions Relevant to Solar Fuels Technologies”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 163, no. 4, pp. H3132–H3134, 2016.
Velazquez, J. M., John, J., Esposito, D. V., Pieterick, A., Pala, R., Sun, G., Zhou, X., Huang, Z., Ardo, S., Soriaga, M. P., Brunschwig, B. S., Lewis, N. S., “A Scanning Probe Investigation of the Role of Surface Motifs in the Behavior of p-WSe 2 Photocathodes”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 164–175, 2016.
Ardo, S., White, W., Sanborn, C. D., Cardon, J. M., Reiter, R. S., Schwartz, E., “Light-driven ion-pumping membrane systems”, University of California Irvine, 2016. Patent No. US/11318424 and WO/2018/049061,
Ardo, S., Park, S.-H., Warren, E. L., Lewis, N. S., “Unassisted solar-driven photoelectrosynthetic HI splitting using membrane-embedded Si microwire arrays”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1484–1492, 2015.
McDonald M.B., Ardo S., Lewis N.S., Freund M.S., “Corrigendum to: Use of Bipolar Membranes for Maintaining Steady-State pH Gradients in Membrane-Supported, Solar-Driven Water Splitting (ChemSusChem 2014, 7, 3021–3027, 10.1002/cssc.201402288)”, ChemSusChem, vol. 8, pp. 14, 2015.
McDonald M.B., Ardo S., Lewis N.S., Freund M.S., “Use of bipolar membranes for maintaining steady-state pH gradients in membrane-supported, solar-driven water splitting”, ChemSusChem, vol. 7, pp. 3021-3027, 2014.
Bruce, J. P., Asgari, S., Ardo, S., Lewis, N. S., Oliver, D. R., Freund, M. S., “Measurement of the Electrical Resistance of n-type Si Microwire/p-type Conducting Polymer Junctions for Use in Artificial Photosynthesis”, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 118, no. 48, pp. 27742–27748, 2014.
McDonald, M. B., Ardo, S., Lewis, N. S., Freund, M. S., “Use of Bipolar Membranes for Maintaining Steady-State pH Gradients in Membrane-Supported, Solar-Driven Water Splitting”, ChemSusChem, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 3021–3027, 2014.
McKone, J. R., Ardo, S., Blakemore, J. D., Bracher, P. J., Dempsey, J. L., Darnton, T. V., Hansen, M. C., Harman, W. H., Rose, M. J., Walter, M. G., Dasgupta, S., Winkler, J. R., Gray, H. B., “The Solar Army: A Case Study in Outreach Based on Solar Photoelectrochemistry”, Reviews in Advanced Sciences and Engineering, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 288–303, 2014.
Gaieck, W., Ardo, S., “Challenges and Opportunities for Ion-Exchange Membranes in Solar Fuels Devices”, Reviews in Advanced Sciences and Engineering, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 277–287, 2014.
Nielander, A. C., Bierman, M. J., Petrone, N., Strandwitz, N. C., Ardo, S., Yang, F., Hone, J., Lewis, N. S., “Photoelectrochemical Behavior of n-type Si(111) Electrodes Coated With a Single Layer of Graphene”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 135, no. 46, pp. 17246–17249, 2013.
O’Donnell, R. M., Ardo, S., Meyer, G. J., “Charge-Screening Kinetics at Sensitized TiO2 Interfaces”, Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 4, no. 17, pp. 2817–2821, 2013.
Achey D., Ardo S., Meyer G., “Erratum: Increase in the coordination number of a cobalt porphyrin after photo-induced interfacial electron transfer into nanocrystalline TiO<inf>2</inf> (Inorg. Chem. (2012) 51,18 DOI: 10.1021/ic301300h (9865-9872))”, Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 52, pp. 8281, 2013.
Deutsch, T., Wang, H., Chen, Z., Ardo, S., Hu, S., Sunkara, M., Esposito, D., Li, Y., Boettcher, S., “III–V Semiconductor Systems for High-Efficiency Solar Water Splitting Applications”, Materials for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting, DOE–EERE, 2013.
Khnayzer, R. S., Thompson, L. B., Zamkov, M., Ardo, S., Meyer, G. J., Murphy, C. J., Castellano, F. N., “Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production at Titania-Supported Pt Nanoclusters that are Derived from Surface-Anchored Molecular Precursors”, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 1429–1438, 2012.
Yahyaie, I., Ardo, S., Oliver, D. R., Thomson, D. J., Freund, M. S., Lewis, N. S., “Comparison between the electrical junction properties of H-terminated and methyl-terminated individual Si microwire/polymer assemblies for photoelectrochemical fuel production”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 9789–9794, 2012.
Achey, D., Ardo, S., Meyer, G. J., “Increase in the Coordination Number of a Cobalt Porphyrin after Photo-Induced Interfacial Electron Transfer into Nanocrystalline TiO2”, Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 51, no. 18, pp. 9865–9872, 2012.
Ardo, S., Lewis, N. S., “Light-Driven Hydroiodic Acid Splitting from Semiconductive Fuel Generator”, California Institute of Technology, 2012. Patent No. US9540741,
Ardo, S., Shaner, M., Coridan, R., Strandwitz, N. C., McKone, J. R., Fountaine, K., Atwater, H. A., Lewis, N. S., “Semiconductor Structures for Fuel Generation”, California Institute of Technology, 2012. Patent No. US9947816 and WO/2013/152132,
Ardo, S., Achey, D., Morris, A. J., Abrahamsson, M., Meyer, G. J., “Non-Nernstian Two-Electron Transfer Photocatalysis at Metalloporphyrin–TiO2 Interfaces”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 133, no. 41, pp. 16572–16580, 2011.
Ardo, S., Meyer, G. J., “Characterization of Photoinduced Self-Exchange Reactions at Molecule–Semiconductor Interfaces by Transient Polarization Spectroscopy: Lateral Intermolecular Energy and Hole Transfer across Sensitized TiO2 Thin Films”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 133, no. 39, pp. 15384–15396, 2011.
Rowley, J. G., Ardo, S., Sun, Y., Castellano, F. N., Meyer, G. J., “Charge Recombination to Oxidized Iodide in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells”, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 115, no. 41, pp. 20316–20325, 2011.
Achey, D., Ardo, S., Xia, H.–L., Siegler, M. A., Meyer, G. J., “Sensitization of TiO2 by the MLCT Excited State of Co I Coordination Compounds”, Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 305–308, 2011.
Ardo, S., Lewis, N. S., “Tandem Solar Cell using a Silicon Microwire Array and Amorphous Silicon Photovoltaic Layer”, California Institute of Technology, 2011. Patent No. US/2013/0174896,
Ardo, S., Sun, Y., Castellano, F. N., Meyer, G. J., “Excited-State Electron Transfer from Ruthenium–Polypyridyl Compounds to Anatase TiO 2 Nanocrystallites: Evidence for a Stark Effect”, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 114, no. 45, pp. 14596–14604, 2010.
Ardo, S., Meyer, G. J., “Direct Observation of Photodriven Intermolecular Hole Transfer across TiO2 Nanocrystallites: Lateral Self-Exchange Reactions and Catalyst Oxidation”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 132, no. 27, pp. 9283–9285, 2010.
Abrahamsson, M., Johansson, P. G., Ardo, S., Kopecky, A., Galoppini, E., Meyer, G. J., “Decreased Interfacial Charge Recombination Rate Constants with N3-Type Sensitizers”, Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 1725–1728, 2010.
Heuer, W. B., Xia, H.–L., Abrahamsson, M., Zhou, Z., Ardo, S., Narducci Sarjeant, A. A., Meyer, G. J., “Reaction of Ru II Diazafluorenone Compound with Nanocrystalline TiO2 Thin Film”, Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 49, no. 17, pp. 7726–7734, 2010.
Xia, H.–L., Liu, F., Ardo, S., Narducci Sarjeant, A. A., Meyer, G. J., “Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Ru Am(m)ine Compounds with Low-Lying Ligand Field Excited States to Nanocrystalline TiO2”, Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 216, no. 2–3, pp. 94–103, 2010.
Meyer G., Ardo S., Rowley J., “Electric field effects in dye sensitized solar cells”, ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, 2010.
Ardo S., Meyer G., “Funneling solar energy and charge at sensitized mesoporous films”, ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, 2010.
Ardo, S., Meyer, G. J., “Recent Advances in Photo-Initiated Electron Transfer at the Interface of Anatase TiO₂ Nanocrystallites and Transition-Metal Polypyridyl Compounds”, Energy Production and Storage: Inorganic Chemical Strategies for a Warming World, Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., pp. 265–300, 2010.
Ardo, S., “Photoinduced Charge, Ion & Energy Transfer Processes at Transition-Metal Coordination Compounds Anchored to Mesoporous, Nanocrystalline Metal-Oxide Thin Films”, 2010. Thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University,
Xia, H.–L., Ardo, S., Narducci Sarjeant, A. A., Huang, S., Meyer, G. J., “Photodriven Spin Change of Fe(II) Benzimidazole Compounds at Nanocrystalline TiO 2 Interfaces”, Langmuir, vol. 25, no. 23, pp. 13641–13652, 2009.
Staniszewski, A., Ardo, S., Sun, Y., Castellano, F. N., Meyer, G. J., “Slow Cation Transfer Follows Sensitizer Regeneration at Anatase TiO 2 Interfaces”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 130, no. 35, pp. 11586–11587, 2008.
Liu, X., Ardo, S., Bunning, M., Parry, J., Zhou, K., Stushnoff, C., Stoniker, F., Yu, L., Kendall, P., “Total phenolic content and DPPH • radical scavenging activity of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in Colorado”, LWT – Food Science and Technology, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 552–557, 2007.
Ardo, S., “Characterization of Olive Oils Commercially Available in the United States”, 2005. Thesis submitted to University of Maryland, College Park,

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Most Cited Publications

Pinaud, B. A., Benck, J. D., Seitz, L. C., Forman, A. J., Chen, Z., Deutsch, T. G., James, B. D., Baum, K. N., Baum, G. N., Ardo, S., Wang, H., Miller, E., Jaramillo, T. F., “Technical and economic feasibility of centralized facilities for solar hydrogen production via photocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 1983–2000, 2013.
Ardo, S., Meyer, G. J., “Photodriven Heterogeneous Charge Transfer with Transition-Metal Compounds Anchored to TiO 2 Semiconductor Surfaces”, Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 115–164, 2009.
Ager III, J. W., Shaner, M., Walczak, K., Sharp, I. D., Ardo, S., “Experimental Demonstrations of Spontaneous, Solar-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 2811–2824, 2015.
Fabian, D. M., Hu, S., Singh, N., Houle, F. A., Hisatomi, T., Domen, K., Osterloh, F. E., Ardo, S., “Particle Suspension Reactors and Materials for Solar-Driven Water Splitting”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 2825–2850, 2015.
Haussener, S., Xiang, C., Spurgeon, J. M., Ardo, S., Lewis, N. S., Weber, A. Z., “Modeling, simulation, and design criteria for photoelectrochemical water-splitting systems”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 9922–9935, 2012.
T. E., Saad, F. H., Schüttauf, J.-W., Seger, B., Sheehan, S. W., Smith, W. A., Spurgeon, J., Tang, M. H., van de Krol, R., Vesborg, P. C. K., Westerik, P., “Pathways to Electrochemical Solar-Hydrogen Technologies”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 2768–2783, 2018.
Ardo, S., Sun, Y., Staniszewski, A., Castellano, F. N., Meyer, G. J., “Stark Effects after Excited-State Interfacial Electron Transfer at Sensitized TiO 2 Nanocrystallites”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 132, no. 19, pp. 6696–6709, 2010.
Shaner, M. R., Fountaine, K. T., Ardo, S., Coridan, R. H., Atwater, H. A., Lewis, N. S., “Photoelectrochemistry of core–shell tandem junction n-p + -Si/n-WO 3 microwire array photoelectrodes”, Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 779–790, 2014.
Rowley, J. G., Farnum, B. H., Ardo, S., Meyer, G. J., “Iodide Chemistry in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Making and Breaking I–I Bonds for Solar Energy Conversion”, Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 1, no. 20, pp. 3132–3140, 2010.
Xiang, C., Weber, A. Z., Ardo, S., Berger, A., Chen, Y., Coridan, R., Fountaine, K., Haussener, S., Hu, S., Liu, R., Modestino, M. A., Shaner, M., Singh, M., Stevens, J., Sun, K., Walczak, K., “Modeling, Simulation, and Implementation of Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Devices”, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 55, no. 42, pp. 12974–12988, 2016.

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Contact Information

Website: http://chem.uci.edu/~ardo

Email: ardo@uci.edu

Phone: 949-824-3796

Address: UCI ISEB 5080 (office)

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This profile was last updated on 2/14/2025.

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