Jacob Brouwer
Biography
Jacob (Jack) Brouwer, Ph.D., is Professor, Chancellor's Fellow, and Director of the Clean Energy Institute at the University of California, Irvine, with appointments in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. Brouwer received a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993, where he investigated turbulent mixing and chemical kinetics in combustion systems. He has spent over 26 years studying the science and engineering of renewable and sustainable energy conversion systems, with particular focus on fuel cells, electrolyzers, batteries, and their integration with renewable power sources. His research encompasses steady-state and dynamic modeling of energy conversion devices, renewable hydrogen production and storage, and the dynamics of highly renewable energy systems.
Brouwer has led the establishment and growth of several research centers at UC Irvine, including serving as Director of the National Fuel Cell Research Center from 2018 to 2022 and Director of the Advanced Power and Energy Program from 2020 to 2022. Since 2020, he has directed the Clean Energy Institute, which he conceptualized and initiated in 2023, supporting more than 60 graduate students and 30 staff with annual research expenditures between $12-15 million. His research group has been involved in several first-of-their-kind demonstrations, including the world's first solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine hybrid system, the world's first direct DC powering of a computer server rack with a hydrogen fuel cell, and the U.S. first power-to-gas system converting photovoltaic power into hydrogen for injection into the natural gas system. He has secured over $100 million in extramural research funding from sources including the U.S. Department of Energy, California Energy Commission, and industry partners.
Brouwer has published more than 195 refereed journal articles and has been cited more than 13,500 times with an h-index of 61. He has authored book chapters on fuel cells and hybrid systems and has supervised 67 Ph.D. students and 82 M.S. students to completion. He serves as Associate Editor for multiple journals including the ASME Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage and has received multiple best paper awards from ASME conferences. Brouwer is an elected member of the Fuel Cell Seminar Organizing Committee and has organized numerous conferences on fuel cells and clean energy technologies.
Return to topEducation
- Postdoc in Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 1993
- Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 1993
- M.S. in Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Irvine (UCI), 1989
- B.S. in Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Irvine (UCI), 1987
Distinctions
- U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Outstanding R&D Achievement, high temperature fuel cell tri-generation, 2014
- Eni Award Nominee, 2013
- National Academy of Engineering, Invited Lecturer, 2004
- Katerva Award Nominee, 2012
- WPI Visiting Professor, International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, 2016
- Best Paper Award, World Fuel Cell Conference, Ningbo, China, 2024
- Best Paper Award, World Fuel Cell Conference, London, England, 2023
- Most highly cited paper; Applied Energy, 2020
- Best Paper Award, ASME International Gas Turbine Institute, 2017
Areas of Expertise
- Renewable Energy Systems Dynamics
- Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling
- Electrochemical Hydrogen Production
- Hybrid Power Generation Integration
- Grid-Scale Energy Storage
- Decarbonization Pathway Analysis
- Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis
Recent Publications
- Pak M., Stansberry J.M., Brouwer J., Zenyuk I.V., “CO stripping and displacement techniques for electrochemical surface area and surface coverage determination for ion pair membrane fuel cells at 80 to 160 °C” (opens in new tab), Electrochimica Acta, vol. 559, 2026.
- Jun Yong Kim, Luca Mastropasqua, Alireza Saeedmanesh, Jack Brouwer, “Development of thermal control strategies for solid oxide electrolysis cell systems under dynamic operating conditions-Hot-standby and cold-start scenarios” (opens in new tab), Energy, vol. 317, pp. 134679, 2025.
- Robert Flores, Khanh Nguyen Cu, Sammy Houssainy, Weixi Wang, Xiao Nie, Noah Woolfolk, Ben Polly, Ramin Faramarzi, Jim Maclay, Jaeho Lee, Jack Brouwer, “Active and Passive Cooling Approaches for a Southern California Residential Community” (opens in new tab), Advances in Applied Energy, vol. 19, pp. 100234, 2025.
- Oi Ching Vanessa Chung, Khaled Al Samri, Jacqueline Huynh, Jack Brouwer, “Design of Hydrogen Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Blended-Wing–Body Aircraft” (opens in new tab), Journal of Aircraft, vol. 62, pp. 1–19, 2025.
- Alexandra Huff, Melina Arrizon Melchor, Jacob Brouwer, “Geospatial and technoeconomic analysis of renewable data centers to reduce energy inequities in the least developed countries” (opens in new tab), Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 340, pp. 119990, 2025.
- Sajjad Rezaei, Khaled Alsamri, Elio Simeoni, Jacqueline Huynh, Jack Brouwer, “Techno-economic and environmental analysis of clean hydrogen deployment: A case study of Los Angeles International Airport” (opens in new tab), Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 340, pp. 119946, 2025.
- Albert Gil-Esmendia, Robert J. Flores, Jack Brouwer, “Modeling and improving liquid hydrogen transfer processes” (opens in new tab), Applied Energy, vol. 390, pp. 125779, 2025.
- Sajjad Rezaei, Alejandra Hormaza Mejia, Yanchen Wu, Jeff Reed, Jack Brouwer, “Global Warming Impacts of the Transition from Fossil Fuel Conversion and Infrastructure to Hydrogen” (opens in new tab), Applied Energy, vol. 397, pp. 126363, 2025.
- Anthony Y. Ku, Jacob Brouwer, Patrick Callahan, Amgad Elgowainy, Alejandra Hormaza-Mejia, Jimmy Li, Sajjad Rezaei, Divyansh Singh, Edward Youn, “Driving towards competitive hydrogen dispensing cost for heavy-duty road transport: Quantifying and mitigating near-term operational penalties” (opens in new tab), International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 184, pp. 151781, 2025.
- Pak M., Stansberry J.M., Brouwer J., Zenyuk I.V., “Examination of Humidity Impact during 160°C Catalyst Accelerated Stress Test for High-Temperature Ion-Pair Polymer-Based Fuel Cells” (opens in new tab), Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 172, 2025.
- Grimaldi, Alberto, Minuto, Francesco Demetrio, Brouwer, Jacob, Lanzini, Andrea, “Profitability of energy arbitrage net profit for grid-scale battery energy storage considering dynamic efficiency and degradation using a linear, mixed-integer linear, and mixed-integer non-linear optimization approach” (opens in new tab), Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 95, pp. 112380, 2024.
- Clinton Thai, Jack Brouwer, “Formal optimization techniques select hydrogen to decarbonize California”, Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 2435ff, 2024.
- Jun Yong Kim, Luca Mastropasqua, Alireza Saeedmanesh, Jack Brouwer, “Sustained long-term efficiency in solid oxide electrolysis systems through innovative reversible electrochemical heat management” (opens in new tab), Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 308, pp. 18405, 2024.
- S. Di Micco, V. Cigolotti, L. Mastropasqua, J. Brouwer, M. Minutillo, “Ammonia-powered ships: Concept design and feasibility assessment of powertrain systems for a sustainable approach in maritime industry” (opens in new tab), Energy Conversion and Management: X, vol. 22, pp. 100539, 2024.
- Xiao Nie, Robert Flores, Jack Brouwer, Jaeho Lee, “Energy and cost savings of cool coatings for multifamily buildings in US climate zones” (opens in new tab), Advances in Applied Energy, vol. 13, pp. 100159, 2024.
- Robert Flores, Sammy Houssainy, Weixi Wang, Khanh Nguyen Cu, Xiao Nie, Noah Woolfolk, Ben Polly, Ramin Faramarzi, Jim Maclay, Jaeho Lee, Jack Brouwer, “Addressing building related energy burden, air pollution, and carbon emissions of a low-income community in Southern California” (opens in new tab), Advances in Applied Energy, vol. 14, pp. 100169, 2024.
- Khaled Alsamri, Jessica De la Cruz, Melody Emmanouilidi, Jacqueline Huynh, Jack Brouwer, “Methodology for assessing retrofitted hydrogen combustion and fuel cell aircraft environmental impacts” (opens in new tab), Journal of Propulsion and Power, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 1-16, 2024.
- Jun Yong Kim, Luca Mastropasqua, Alireza Saeedmanesh, Jack Brouwer, “Investigating electric heater failure scenarios in solid oxide electrolysis cell systems with a novel three-dimensional dynamic SOEC stack model” (opens in new tab), Energy Conversion and Management: X, vol. 24, pp. 100805, 2024.
- Sajjad Rezaei, Khaled Alsamri, Elio Simeoni, Jacqueline Huynh, Jack Brouwer, “Techno-Economic Assessment of Green Hydrogen Infrastructure Implementation: A Case Study for Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), USA”, ECS, 2024. Presented at 245th ECS Meeting, May 26-30, 2024.
- Crespi, Elena, Guandalini, Giulio, Mastropasqua, Luca, Campanari, Stefano, Brouwer, Jacob, “Experimental and theoretical evaluation of a 60 kW PEM electrolysis system for flexible dynamic operation” (opens in new tab), Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 277, pp. 116622, 2023.
Most Cited Publications
- MacKinnon, Michael A., Brouwer, Jacob, Samuelsen, Scott, “The role of natural gas and its infrastructure in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, improving regional air quality, and renewable resource integration” (opens in new tab), Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol. 64, pp. 62-92, 2018.
- Paolo Colbertaldo, Stacey Britni Agustin, Stefano Campanari, Jack Brouwer, “Impact of hydrogen energy storage on California electric power system: Towards 100% renewable electricity” (opens in new tab), International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 19, pp. 9558-9576, 2019.
- Azizi, Mohamed Ali, Brouwer, Jacob, “Progress in solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid power systems: System design and analysis, transient operation, controls and optimization” (opens in new tab), Applied Energy, vol. 215, pp. 237-289, 2018.
- Alireza Saeedmanesh, Michael A. Mac Kinnon, Jack Brouwer, “Hydrogen is essential for sustainability” (opens in new tab), Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, vol. 12, pp. 166-181, 2018.
- Yi, Y., Rao, A.D., Brouwer, J., Samuelsen, G.S., “Fuel Flexibility Study of a 25kW SOFC Reformer System” (opens in new tab), Journal of Power Sources, vol. 144, no. 1, pp. 67-76, 2005.
- Brouwer, J., Jabbari, F., Leal, E.M., Orr, T., “Analysis of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell: Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation” (opens in new tab), Journal of Power Sources, vol. 158, no. 1, pp. 213-224, 2006.
- Mueller, F., Jabbari, F., Gaynor, R.M., Brouwer, J., “Novel solid oxide fuel cell system controller for rapid load following” (opens in new tab), Journal of Power Sources, vol. 172, pp. 308-323, 2007.
- Yi, Y., Rao, A.D., Brouwer, J., Samuelsen, G.S., “Analysis and Optimization of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Intercooled Gas Turbine (SOFC-ICGT) Hybrid Cycle” (opens in new tab), Journal of Power Sources, vol. 132, pp. 77-85, 2004.
- Mueller, F., Brouwer, J., Jabbari, F., Samuelsen, G.S., “Dynamic Simulation of an Integrated Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System Including Current-Based Fuel Flow Control” (opens in new tab), ASME Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 144-154, 2006.
- Vaghefi, Seyed, Jafari, Mohsen A., Bisse, Emmanuel, Lu, Yan, Brouwer, Jack, “Modeling and Forecasting of Cooling and Electricity Load Demand” (opens in new tab), Applied Energy, vol. 136, pp. 186–196, 2014.
Contact Information
Email: jbrouwer@uci.edu
Phone: (949) 824-8191
Address: 221 Engineering Laboratory Facility
Return to topThis profile was created with the help of AI.
Last updated on 6/25/2026.